Obstetrics and Gynecology
Fereshteh Fakour; Roya Kaboodmehri; Amirhossein Hajizadeh Fallah; Maryam Dourandeesh; Fatemeh Gholamalipour; Seyedeh Maryam Attari; Forozan Milani; Zahra Pourhabibi
Volume 8, Issue 3 , May and June 2023, , Pages 217-222
Abstract
Background & Objective: Most pain relief methods are associated with some side effects and limitations. Magnesium sulfate, due to its osmotic properties and absorption of cervical water (moisture) can shorten labor duration and decrease labor pain via improving effacement and cervical edema. ...
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Background & Objective: Most pain relief methods are associated with some side effects and limitations. Magnesium sulfate, due to its osmotic properties and absorption of cervical water (moisture) can shorten labor duration and decrease labor pain via improving effacement and cervical edema. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of intravaginal magnesium sulfate on pain severity and duration of the first and second stages of labor.Materials & Methods: In this double-blind randomized clinical trial study, 70 nulliparous women were allocated into two groups after the beginning of the active phase of labor. In group 1, 10 ccs of magnesium sulfate 50% was poured on the whole cervix during the vaginal examination. In group 2, a placebo (sterile water) in a similar way and amount was used. Then the two groups were compared in variables of demographic, obstetrics, clinical, pain severity, duration of the first and second stages of labor, and maternal and neonatal outcomes.Results: In different dilatations, pain severity in group 1 was significantly lower (P=0.0001). The duration of the first and second stages of labor was shorter in group 1 (P =0.0001). The two groups were similar in neonatal outcomes, drug side effects, and treatment satisfaction (P >0.05).Conclusion: Intravaginal magnesium sulfate improves the condition of the cervix, reduces the duration and the severity of labor pain, and has no medical or neonatal side effects.
Gynecology Oncology
Fereshteh Fakour; Zahra Rafiei Sorouri; Amirhossein Hajizadeh Fallah; Atefeh Mousavi; Maral Farahmand
Volume 8, Issue 2 , March and April 2023, , Pages 173-180
Abstract
Background & Objective: In Iranian women, the age of breast cancer is 10-20 years earlier than women living in developed countries. Moreover, HPV infection has increased among Iranian women and it is more common compared to European women. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the ...
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Background & Objective: In Iranian women, the age of breast cancer is 10-20 years earlier than women living in developed countries. Moreover, HPV infection has increased among Iranian women and it is more common compared to European women. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of HPV as a potential risk factor for breast cancer at younger ages.Materials & Methods: This study is a case-control study that was performed on 46 specimens of breast cancer tissue and 46 samples of normal breast tissue with no malignancy. In coordination with the pathology laboratory of Poursina Hospital (Rasht, Iran), samples of breast cancer pathology templates that were available in the laboratory archives were selected after a preliminary examination of the accuracy of tissue diagnosis. After that, a tissue incision was prepared with H&E staining and the cancer diagnosis was again confirmed by a pathologist. Samples were cut with a microtome with disposable blades. Then the tissue sample was deparaffinized and its DNA was extracted. The data were analyzed by SPSS software version 21 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA) using Chi-square, T-test, variance analysis and logistic regression.Results: The results showed a significant difference between the two groups of women with breast cancer and without malignancy in the age of first pregnancy and gravidity. There was a significant difference in human papillomavirus type 16 infection between the two groups with breast cancer and without malignancy. The logistic regression model examined the effect of all variables and showed that infection with human papillomavirus type 16 increased the risk of breast cancer by 4.6 times, taking into account other variables.Conclusion: The present study, independent of other studies, showed that human papillomavirus type 16 could be a risk factor for breast cancer. If the virus is found in an individual, it is recommended that the patient be monitored frequently and more detailed examinations for breast malignancies be performed.